3D ray tracing for device-independent fingerprint-based positioning in WLANs

We study the use of 3D Ray Tracing (RT) to construct radiomaps for WLAN Received Signal Strength (RSS) fingerprint-based positioning, in conjunction with calibration techniques to make the overall process device-independent. RSS data collection might be a tedious and time-consuming process and also the measured radiomap accuracy and applicability is subject to potential changes in the wireless environment. Therefore, RT becomes a more attractive and efficient way to generate radiomaps. Moreover, traditional fingerprint-based methods lead to radiomaps which are restricted to the device used to generate the radiomap and fail to provide acceptable performance when different devices are considered. We address both challenges by exploiting 3D RT-generated radiomaps and using linear data transformation to match the characteristics of various devices. We evaluate the efficiency of this approach in terms of the time spent to create the radiomap, the amount of data required to calibrate the radiomap for different devices and the positioning error which is compared against the case of using dedicated radiomaps collected with each device. � 2012 IEEE.